DICM system

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

BRITISH MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE 

Project title: Development of Integrated Crops Management System (DICM system)

Student Name: Ahmad Saffuan Bin Zainuddin

ID No: 51210210297

Course: Bachelor of Engineering Technology in Electrical 

Supervisor: Madam Azliza Binti Mohamad Arshad (AZA)  

problems occur during development of DICM system

Some problem occurs during development of DICM system, but only some of the problems will be emphasized. Below are some of problems occurring during this development of DICM system. 

•  Rearrange all the components that has placed in the boxes from landscape to portrait. This is for the balancing of the DICM system when the system will be active to deliver the fertilizer and pesticide to the crops with a slide on the rod of iron. Pictures below shown view before and after rearrange all the components. 

          Before:

          

              After:

• Assemble the barricades on the top of DICM system. This is to avoid this DICM just rotate in one place only. By installing this barricades, this DICM system will be moving on the rod of iron. Pictures below shows the situation when there is no barricades on the top of DICM system.    

           Before:

   

     and the video,

                               

                       

                  After:

                          

   and the video,

                               

         

        

Project demonstration

The DICM system has been tested  to test the function of each sensor and component used. During demonstration, the video was recorded to keep the video as a evidence in the future if there any problem occurs. There are two videos that was recorded. The first video was recorded without using water for the sprinkler motor and the second video was recorded by using water for the sprinkler motor. The full video shown in video below. 


Video 1 (Without using water)

Video 2 (Using water)

                               

Below are the pictures of DICM system

DICM system poster

This is a DICM system poster for Final Year Project presentation and viva.

circuit explanation (IR sensor)

In this DICM circuit, IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle in front of this DICM system and detect the crops. Picture below shown the IR sensor connection in DICM circuit. 

and the PCB connection, 

Referring to the picture above, the IR sensor was connected to the analog input 0 and analog input 1 (pin 23 and pin 24). The input of these IR sensor is analog input. It means that the IR sensor will detect the obstacle and crops in a small range. For example if the IR sensor detect the obstacle in front of DICM system, the signal will be sent to the micro controller to process the signal. The output signal of this IR sensor is digital signal which is 1 (5V) and buzzer will be turning on that was controlled by TIP 120 and the DC gear motor will be turn off. The buzzer will still remains turning on until there are no obstacle in front of this DICM system. The same thing also happen if the another IR sensor detect the crops. If the IR sensor detect the crops, the DC gear motor will be turning off and the solenoid motor and sprinkler motor will be turning on. 

circuit explanation (Solenoid and sprinkler)

In this DICM circuit, the solenoid and sprinkler motor as known as output are used to fertilizer and pesticide the crops automatically. The connection of this output will be shown in the picture below.

Referring to the connection above, the output of this DICM system is actually controlled by using the TIP 120 and this TIP 120 as a power transistor. Picture below shown the connection of TIP 120 to the output. 

Referring to the picture above, the digital output signal from the Atmega 328 will be sending to the base of the TIP 120. When the output is high (1) current will flows from base (B) to Emitter (E), the electronic "switch" is closed and current flows from collector (C) to emitter (E) and the output will be active or turn on. The turning on of this output will active the solenoid and sprinkler motor to perform their functions to fertilizer and pesticide the crops. Picture below shown the connection of TIP 120 due to output which are solenoid motor and sprinkler motor. 

circuit explanation (L293D motor driver)

In this DICM circuit, L293D motor driver is used to control the DC gear motor movements. For example move forwards, backwards and stop. Picture below shown the L293D motor driver in DICM circuit 

Theory

Generally, L293D motor driver can control two motor at one time or called is a dual H-Bridge motor driver. By using this IC, it can interface DC motor which can be controlled in both clockwise and counter clockwise direction. The motor operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Below shown the pin diagram of L293D motor driver

and the pin description of L293D motor driver

Besides that, with this L293D driver motor it will control four DC motors at one time but with fix direction of motion. L293D has output current of 600mA and peak output current of 1.2A per channel. Moreover for protection of circuit from back EMF output diode are included within the L293D. The output supply hich is external supply has a wide range from 4.5V to 36V which has made L293D a best choice for DC motor driver. A simple schematic for interfacing a DC gear motor using L293D driver motor is shown below:

and below the truth table for L293D driver motor

 For truth table above, the Enable has to be set to 1 and motor power used is 12V but it is depends on motor power that used (range 4.5V to 36V). The rotation of the DC motor can be control by combinations of A and B in programming assembling and from the truth table it is clear to explain the rotations of the motor. Picture below shown the connection of DC gear motor to L293D driver motor. 

DICM system

In DICM system,  the movement of the DC gear motor is controlled by the output from the micro controller  which is Atmega 328. The input of this micro controller are IR sensor which are detect the obstacle and to detect the crops. The output from this micro controller which is in digital signal (0 or 1) will sent to the L293D driver motor as a input which are connected to input 1 and input 2 ( pin 2 and pin 7). The connection of this L293D is shown in the PCB design below. 

With this input, it will determine the movement of the DC gear motor. The combination of the input will be summarized in the table below. 

* Pin 3 and pin 6 is the output of the L293D

By referring the picture and truth table above, the DC gear motor will be controlled by changing the input 1 and input 2 (pin 2 and pin 7). The changing movement of this DC gear motor will be programmed or setting to be high or low in the programming of this DICM system. Picture below shown the connection of DC gear motor to L293D driver motor.